In the lobby of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva sits an encased fragment of lunar rock inscribed ‘A Piece of the Moon’. More than a display, it symbolises the lasting connection between intellectual property (IP), innovation and space exploration. Since the Project Apollo era, space has become a domain for both public and private actors. This chapter examines the uncertain application of patent law beyond Earth, its significance for commercial actors and the approaches to extending protection through the existing international space law framework, domestic patent law amendments and the precedent set by the International Space Station. It considers future approaches to strengthen legal clarity, before turning to the pressing need for renewed international cooperation. In particular, it highlights the importance of dialogue and information sharing among nations, industry and civil society, proposing a WIPO Conversation on Outer Space in cooperation with the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) as a practical, politically feasible first step to return the issue to the international agenda.