The exploration and dissemination of renewable energy sources with small capital investments has become crucial in the context of environmental and economic considerations. India generates substantial quantities of biomass, which can generate useful biogas energy. Wheat straw is an abundantly available agricultural waste in India. The present experimental research focuses on verifying the feasibility of biogas generation from wheat straw using a novel floating drum type biogas digester and assessment of relevant parameters. The present experimental work comprises evaluation of wheat straw as a feedstock for biogas generation using anaerobic digestion carried out in a novel floating drum digester with water jacket. Mechanical pretreatment has been applied to the feedstock in order to enhance its biodegradability, while cow dung has been used as an inoculum to facilitate microbial activity. The experimental results show an average biogas yield of 140.55 L per kilogram of dry feedstock, with average methane content of 45.86% and average hydrogen sulfide content of 640.63 ppm. The raw biogas produced has been utilized for cooking application. The by-product of the anaerobic digestion, i.e., outlet slurry contains essential nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Overall, the wheat straw feedstock can emerge as a good potential feedstock for biogas generation at rural households, fulfilling their energy requirements and reducing dependency on traditional fossil fuels. The present experimental work thus proposes a novel application of a custom-designed biogas digester suitable for biogas generation from wheat straw, by employing a user-friendly method and affordable biogas digester.