Two-dimensional (2D) material-based electrocatalysts, including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and MXenes, have demonstrated exceptional catalytic performance for energy conversion and storage applications. However, their large-scale implementation faces significant challenges related to synthesis, structural engineering, device integration, and long-term stability. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the major obstacles in scaling up 2D material-based electrocatalysts for industrial applications. Key synthesis challenges include batch-to-batch variability, purity control, and the scalability of techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid-phase exfoliation. Structural limitations, such as aggregation, surface engineering inconsistencies, and doping challenges, hinder their catalytic efficiency at scale. Additionally, the integration of 2D materials into electrochemical devices is complicated by electrode fabrication issues, poor adhesion, and binder-induced performance degradation. Long-term stability concerns, including corrosion, electrochemical cycling degradation, and environmental effects, further restrict their commercialization. Despite these challenges, emerging solutions such as, incorporation of hybrid nanostructures, roll-to-roll manufacturing, and sustainable synthesis approaches offer promising pathways for large-scale production. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of standardization efforts to facilitate the transition of 2D material-based electrocatalysts from laboratory research to real-world applications.