The production of hydrogen through the water splitting process is a practical way to address issues with energy sources and environment. Using two-dimensional materials is the most efficient way to address existing environmental problems because of their outstanding qualities. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a photocatalyst that is efficient, economical and has effective electrical and optical features in addition to a suitable band gap and band off sets. Though, the progress of a cost-effective photocatalyst through exceptional catalytic activity and prolonged stability to perform the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In the available spectrum of multifunctional materials, multiporous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are capable of offering tunable morphology, electronic structural, transport, and electrochemical characteristics. The MOF based heterostructures comprising of components with different morphology, structures, and electronic properties are potential candidates for enhanced catalytic performance. The efforts on engineering of MOF-Based Heterostructures for Enhanced HER and OER Performance are thoroughly described in this chapter.