An Assessment of Formative and Reflective Constructs in Ethnic Consumer Behavior Research
摘要
This study employs Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA) to evaluate the specification and validation of formative and reflective constructs within a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) framework. While the formative-reflective distinction is critical in construct development, its implications are often overlooked, leading to issues such as construct misspecification, identification challenges, and validation errors. Using a systematic approach, this research compares the utility of formative and reflective modeling approaches, demonstrating that certain constructs align better with a reflective framework, while one other exhibit stronger validity when modeled formatively. The findings highlight the importance of adopting a hybrid formative-reflective approach to accurately capture the complexity of latent constructs and their observed measures.