This chapter explores the in-depth integration of the materialist view of history with economic research, focusing on Marx’s systematic study of capitalist social formations and its enrichment and development of the materialist view of history. First, Marx proposes the theory of surplus value, further deepening the materialist view of history. Second, Marx emphasizes that human development is constrained by economic conditions, and that the free individuality of future society is the result of highly developed productive forces. Third, Marx reveals the roots of alienation through the antagonistic nature of production relations, pointing out that the fetishism of commodities, money, and capital obscures real social relations. Fourth, Marx believes that if revolutionary conditions were ready, Russia might bypass the capitalist stage and transition directly into socialism, but this possibility depends on specific historical circumstances. Finally, Marx conducts research on prehistoric societies, revising his earlier understanding of primitive societies and clarifying the communal ownership characteristics of clan societies and the precedence of matriarchy. These studies fill gaps in the materialist view of history regarding primitive societies and provide a scientific basis for understanding the origins of the state, class, and private property. Thus, through the integration of the materialist view of history with economic research, Marx deepens the understanding of the laws governing human social development.