Structural deterioration due to cracking remains a persistent challenge in cementitious systems, often compromising long term performance and necessitating costly maintenance. In response, bio-inspired self-healing materials have emerged as a compelling class of engineered systems capable of autonomously restoring structural integrity, drawing from natural regenerative mechanisms to address micro damage without external intervention. This study investigates the self-healing efficiency of mortar cubes formulated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), incorporating Bacillus subtilis bacteria at concentrations of 105 and 106 cells/ml. Mortar specimens were evaluated through visual crack monitoring, compressive strength testing, and microstructural analysis to confirm bacterial presence and calcium carbonate precipitation. Results revealed that bacterial inclusion significantly enhanced compressive strength, with OPC mixes showing superior early-age recovery due to faster hydration kinetics. Notably, 106 cells/ml concentration yielded the highest healing efficiency across both cement types. PPC based mortars, while slower to react, demonstrated considerable improvement in strength and visible crack sealing, supporting their suitability for long-term performance. This study addresses a critical gap in existing literature by offering a direct comparison of OPC and PPC in bio-self-healing mortar applications.

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Crack Closure Mechanisms in Bio-concrete: Performance of OPC and PPC Mortars with Engineered Bacterial Doses

  • Kshithij G. Raj,
  • S. Roopanjali,
  • H. P. Thanu,
  • B. L. Vandith Patel,
  • M. C. Nithyashree,
  • R. Gangadhar,
  • S. Rakshitha

摘要

Structural deterioration due to cracking remains a persistent challenge in cementitious systems, often compromising long term performance and necessitating costly maintenance. In response, bio-inspired self-healing materials have emerged as a compelling class of engineered systems capable of autonomously restoring structural integrity, drawing from natural regenerative mechanisms to address micro damage without external intervention. This study investigates the self-healing efficiency of mortar cubes formulated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), incorporating Bacillus subtilis bacteria at concentrations of 105 and 106 cells/ml. Mortar specimens were evaluated through visual crack monitoring, compressive strength testing, and microstructural analysis to confirm bacterial presence and calcium carbonate precipitation. Results revealed that bacterial inclusion significantly enhanced compressive strength, with OPC mixes showing superior early-age recovery due to faster hydration kinetics. Notably, 106 cells/ml concentration yielded the highest healing efficiency across both cement types. PPC based mortars, while slower to react, demonstrated considerable improvement in strength and visible crack sealing, supporting their suitability for long-term performance. This study addresses a critical gap in existing literature by offering a direct comparison of OPC and PPC in bio-self-healing mortar applications.