This conclusion presents a radical critique of the Modern Synthesis (MS) in evolutionary biology, advocating for its replacement with a more dynamic and dialectical framework through the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis (EES). It challenges the notion of science as an impartial observer, arguing instead that scientific theories actively shape—and are shaped by—the material world they seek to explain. The author proposes a ‘plastic’ approach to science, one that embraces historicity, contingency, and pluralism, rejecting rigid paradigms in favour of open-ended, interdisciplinary inquiry. Drawing on Hegelian dialectics and organisational theories, the text calls for a fundamental shift from mechanistic causality to enablement, where organisms and environments co-constitute evolutionary processes through reciprocal relations. Beyond biology, the argument extends to a broader reimagining of scientific practice—one that integrates insights from the humanities and acknowledges the ideological and material constraints shaping research. Ultimately, the conclusion envisions a self-reflexive, context-sensitive science capable of grappling with life’s complexity without resorting to reductive or deterministic explanations. Such a science, I contend, must remain perpetually unfinished, fostering a ‘culture of theorisation’ rather than enforcing doctrinal unity.