Electrochemical biosensors based on nucleic acids, have shown significant promise for cancer detection due to their cheap cost, quick response, increased sensitivity and ease of use. This chapter will demonstrate the impact of current developments and uses of biosensors that rely on electrochemistry and nucleic acids for cancer identification. I present a few examples of electrochemical biosensors designed to detect cancer using nucleic acids, such as those that use DNA or RNA aptamers, carcinoembryonic antigens, microRNA-21 and prostate-specific antigens, and I compare them with antibody-based models. I go over the benefits and limitations of these biosensors as well as the difficulties they encounter including standardization, interference, stability and repeatability. I also outline some potential avenues for future research and development, including the creation of novel various RNA and DNA recognition elements, the investigation of novel transducer materials and configurations, the design of novel signal amplification techniques, the integration of electrochemical biosensors with portable instruments or microfluidic devices and the clinical evaluation of electrochemical biosensors using real samples from healthy donors or cancer patients. All things considered, I think that biosensors that use electrochemistry based on nucleic acids, provide a fortunate substitute for traditional cancer detection techniques and have significant promise for aiding in cancer early diagnosis and successful cancer therapy.