The creation of biosensors based on electroconductive polymers (ECPs) has become a viable approach to early and noninvasive cancer detection, meeting urgent demands for accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment. ECPs, like 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, polypyrrole and polyaniline, are perfect for interacting with biological targets and converting biochemical signals into quantifiable outputs because of their special qualities, which include high electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and ease of functionalization. Recent developments in ECP-based biosensors are highlighted in this chapter, with particular attention paid to specificity, sensitivity and design advancements for cancer biomarkers in biofluids such as blood, urine and saliva. In order to improve sensor performance and usability, it also covers integration with wearable technologies, nanomaterials and microfluidics. The study also discusses future opportunities in customized healthcare, such as the use of artificial intelligence and wireless data transmission for real-time monitoring, and lists present issues such as signal stability, repeatability and clinical translation. The combination of digital technology, bioengineering and materials science makes ECP-based biosensors a game-changer for early and noninvasive cancer detection.