Decades of violence, displacement, and economic instability have significantly increased mental health burdens. Forced displacement disrupts family and community structures, compounding psychological distress. Refugees and internally displaced persons face additional challenges, including unemployment, social isolation, and lack of access to mental health services. Culturally, Afghanistan’s tribal and kinship-based society influences mental health perceptions and psychiatric education. In Kabul, several universities, including Kabul University, Kabul Medical University, and private institutions such as Khatam Al-Nabieen University, offer undergraduate and graduate courses in psychology and psychiatry. Kabul Medical University is the main institution offering structured training in psychiatry. Provincial universities, such as Herat University, Nangarhar University, Balkh University, Kandahar University, Bamyan University, and Kunduz University, also offer psychology and psychiatry training. These institutions typically follow curricula similar to Kabul’s universities but with notable limitations due to fewer resources, trained faculty, and clinical facilities. The core curriculum generally includes courses in general psychology, abnormal psychology, mental health assessment, counseling, and community-based mental health practices. Provincial universities rely significantly on partnerships with local and international organizations to facilitate practical experiences and internships, enabling students to engage with real-world cases.