Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese, who left a legacy in the architecture of the period. Buildings from the colonial period have facades mainly covered with lime mortar, which over the years are exposed to various influences, such as climate, that cause deterioration, making them one of the first construction elements to require rehabilitation or replacement. In order to rehabilitate these coatings, it is important to know the characteristics of the existing mortars as well as the existing pathologies. The general objective of this paper is to present a small part of a more extensive investigation into the characterization and rehabilitation of Brazilian buildings of Portuguese origin, considering the climates of the cities where the buildings are located. The historic centers of the cities of São Luís, in the State of Maranhão, Diamantina, in Minas Gerais, and the city of Goiás, which have different climatic conditions that causes and exacerbate the anomalies, were chosen. The comparison of the results obtained in the three cities shows that the greater the rainfall and relative humidity, combined with low evaporation rates in a given city, the greater the incidence of pathologies caused by the action of water and the presence of moisture, and these are factors that must be taken into account when choosing the most appropriate and sustainable intervention strategies based on the local climate.