With the advent of the 5G era, the number of 5G base stations has increased significantly, and their backup energy storage can be utilized as a flexible regulating power source in the power system to participate in market transactions. Given that 5G base stations are still in the early stages of development, there is an urgent need to study strategies for their participation in collaborative interaction with distribution networks as new energy storage configuration entities. In order to more economically utilize the energy in equipment such as energy storage batteries at 5G communication base stations and effectively improve the utilization rate of their energy storage devices, this paper proposes an analysis method for the schedulable potential of base station energy storage considering communication loads and establishes a collaborative scheduling model for a 5G base station battery system participating with the power grid. The results of the case study analysis indicate that the designed battery-centric energy management logic system for 5G base stations can effectively enhance the utilization rate of energy storage devices while maximizing the reliability of the base station’s power supply system during charging and discharging operations. Furthermore, it can leverage the temporal and spatial differences between base station communication loads and various types of electrical loads for complementarity, thereby assisting the power grid in peak shaving and load leveling and improving the utilization rate of base station equipment.