Bone grafting is a surgical procedure used to promote osteogenesis in various clinical situations which lack biological potential. It facilitates biologic augmentation/osteogenesis. The choice of bone graft depends on the needs of a particular patient. The described bone grafts have the capacity to provide active bone formation, to augment bone formation by the cells of surrounding soft tissues and to serve as a substrate for bone formation. This biological property of any graft is multifactorial. Its function represents the sum of its inherent biological property, its ability to activate the surrounding host tissues and its osteoinductive capacity, which is mediated by bioactive activity within the matrix. Ultimately, its ability to support the ingrowth of osteogenic tissues through its osteoconductive property also plays a role in its behaviour. Autogenous bone grafting is considered the best material for grafting as it has all the three vital elements needed for bone regeneration, namely osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osteogenic cells. However, the healing of the bone graft is mainly influenced by the host environment in which it is transplanted.