Humanitarianism, as we know it, is a closed system. It clings to its own structures, reinforcing control rather than care. For most of the spontaneous volunteers I have spoken with, humanitarianism wasn’t just flawed, it was fundamentally broken. The response to forced migration, especially on Lesvos, was a stark example of this. In a crisis where thousands of people needed urgent help, official humanitarian organisations moved slowly, bound by bureaucratic red tape and institutional mandates. Meanwhile, spontaneous volunteers, everyday people driven by empathy, not policies, stepped in to do what needed to be done. Their actions weren’t just about filling gaps left by international organisations; they disrupted the entire system. By responding with care rather than control, they exposed the limitations of formal humanitarian structures and challenged the status quo. But disruption comes at a cost. Spontaneous volunteers were not welcomed as necessary contributors to humanitarian efforts. Instead, they were marginalised, criminalised, and dismissed, because their presence revealed the failures of a system designed more for managing life seekers than for helping people. This chapter unpacks that tension, how spontaneous volunteers disrupt policies built on exclusion and containment. These policies, carrier liability laws, strict visa regimes, and detention practices, don’t just regulate movement; they actively manufacture suffering. When spontaneous volunteers step in to counteract this suffering, they are not only offering immediate relief but also challenging the very foundation of migration control. As long as humanitarianism remains fixated on control, it will continue to distance itself from the very people it claims to help. The chapter argues that spontaneous volunteers are not an anomaly or a burden, they are a necessary counterbalance to a system that prioritises politics over people. They expose the gaps, push back against dehumanising state practices, and offer an alternative vision: one where humanitarianism is rooted in solidarity, not surveillance. If states and international organisations were serious about humanitarian reform, they would recognise, engage, and legitimise spontaneous volunteers. Instead of dismissing them, they should be integrated into response efforts, their contributions valued rather than ignored. The way forward isn’t through more rigid frameworks of control but through embracing the innovation, care, and urgency that spontaneous volunteers bring. Only by doing so can humanitarianism move beyond its business-as-usual approach and truly align itself with human rights, democracy, and justice.

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Bearing Witness, Saving Lives, and Renewing Humanitarianism

  • Henrik Kjellmo Larsen

摘要

Humanitarianism, as we know it, is a closed system. It clings to its own structures, reinforcing control rather than care. For most of the spontaneous volunteers I have spoken with, humanitarianism wasn’t just flawed, it was fundamentally broken. The response to forced migration, especially on Lesvos, was a stark example of this. In a crisis where thousands of people needed urgent help, official humanitarian organisations moved slowly, bound by bureaucratic red tape and institutional mandates. Meanwhile, spontaneous volunteers, everyday people driven by empathy, not policies, stepped in to do what needed to be done. Their actions weren’t just about filling gaps left by international organisations; they disrupted the entire system. By responding with care rather than control, they exposed the limitations of formal humanitarian structures and challenged the status quo. But disruption comes at a cost. Spontaneous volunteers were not welcomed as necessary contributors to humanitarian efforts. Instead, they were marginalised, criminalised, and dismissed, because their presence revealed the failures of a system designed more for managing life seekers than for helping people. This chapter unpacks that tension, how spontaneous volunteers disrupt policies built on exclusion and containment. These policies, carrier liability laws, strict visa regimes, and detention practices, don’t just regulate movement; they actively manufacture suffering. When spontaneous volunteers step in to counteract this suffering, they are not only offering immediate relief but also challenging the very foundation of migration control. As long as humanitarianism remains fixated on control, it will continue to distance itself from the very people it claims to help. The chapter argues that spontaneous volunteers are not an anomaly or a burden, they are a necessary counterbalance to a system that prioritises politics over people. They expose the gaps, push back against dehumanising state practices, and offer an alternative vision: one where humanitarianism is rooted in solidarity, not surveillance. If states and international organisations were serious about humanitarian reform, they would recognise, engage, and legitimise spontaneous volunteers. Instead of dismissing them, they should be integrated into response efforts, their contributions valued rather than ignored. The way forward isn’t through more rigid frameworks of control but through embracing the innovation, care, and urgency that spontaneous volunteers bring. Only by doing so can humanitarianism move beyond its business-as-usual approach and truly align itself with human rights, democracy, and justice.