Enhancing Heart Disease Risk Prediction Using Stacking Ensemble Learning
摘要
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, underscoring the importance of accurate prediction models for early intervention. This paper proposes a stacking ensemble model that integrates XGBoost, LightGBM, and Random Forest in the base layer, while employing Logistic Regression as the meta-level classifier to enhance heart disease risk prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that among traditional machine learning models, Decision Tree (DT) achieved the highest accuracy (86.57%), while Logistic Regression (LR) had the lowest (79.79%). However, after applying the stacking ensemble, LR's accuracy improved significantly to 91.00%, outperforming all other models, while DT only improved slightly to 87.10%. The findings highlight that stacking effectively addresses LR’s limitations in handling nonlinear data, significantly enhancing Precision, Recall, and AUC metrics. These results suggest that ensemble learning can provide a more robust and accurate framework for early heart disease risk assessment, contributing to improved clinical decision-making.