Water pollution in India is largely caused by the mounting volume of domestic wastewater generated by the growing population and industrialization. Utilizing plants to purify contaminated water in a low-cost and environmentally benign process is known as phytoremediation. It is an alternate technique that is less energy-intensive. This study examines the efficacy of employing “Canna indica” (Indian shot) in phytoremediation to treat wastewater from a college campus, utilizing the Artificial Floating Island (AFI) technique. AFIs are floating structures that support terrestrial or aquatic plants and help the plants grow using the hydroponic method. The AFI structure makes use of the biofiltration capabilities of Canna indica. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of both treated and untreated sewage were carried out before and after phytoremediation, demonstrating improved water quality and decreased pollutants after treatment. Experiments with Canna plants in different wastewater conditions showed a noticeable increase in plant growth. The significant decrease observed in BOD (65.5%), COD (61.5%), turbidity (72.5%), nutrients (67.5%), and heavy metals (25.8%) highlights the effectiveness of this approach for the sustainable treatment of wastewater. The study suggests that phytoremediation could be a sustainable and cost-effective way to treat wastewater. These results provide a strong foundation for the technique to be advanced for wider applications.