The Paris Agreement, a legally binding international treaty with historic meaning, was adopted by 196 Parties at the 21st Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Paris, France, on December 12, 2015. The Paris Agreement sets the goal to hold the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels by the end of the twenty-first century. It also innovates the way in which the parties set their targets, that is, each party submits its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals and action plans, and is pushed to continuously enhance the strength of their commitments and actions through a global stocktake every five years. Meanwhile, the Paris Agreement requires achieving a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of the twenty-first century.