The integration of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) into optoelectronic systems has led to the development of self-powered optical devices with enhanced energy efficiency and adaptability. This chapter explores the role of metal oxide-based hybrid composites in advancing TENG/PENG-powered optical devices, focusing on their material properties, working mechanisms, and applications in tunable optical gratings, photodetectors, and adaptive sensors. The synergistic effects of triboelectric and piezoelectric charge generation enable real-time optoelectronic devices and self-powered sensing systems. Emerging this technologies pave the way for wearable electronics, environmental monitoring, and next-generation photonic interfaces. By analyzing the fabrication techniques, charge transfer dynamics, and performance evaluations of these hybrid devices, this chapter highlights the potential of TENG/PENG-based systems in redefining self-sustained optoelectronics. In addition, the futuristic technological research focuses on material engineering, semiconductor band tuning, efficient charge transport for self-sustainable devices, as well as enhancing optical band bending to further advance the development of self-powered photonic devices.