The remarkable features of noble metal nanostructures have sparked a great deal of research attention in recent years. Gold and silver nanoparticles and nanorods are examples of noble metal nanoparticles that have special photonic, electrical, and catalytic qualities. Since they link the internal molecular circuits, they have a wide range of electrical and technological uses in the electromechanical system. Noble metal nanostructures have the unusual ability to adjust their properties based on the size, shape, and surface composition of the crystal arrangement. When produced under carefully regulated morphological conditions, noble metal nanostructures have a wide range of applications. A fascinating new field with enormous potential is the controlled production of noble metal nanostructures with particular shapes and low toxicity. Here, we examine noble metal nanostructures and their uses in a variety of industries, including photothermal therapy, clean energy, electrocatalysis, infrared biosensing, bioimaging, and more. The new area of use for noble metal nanostructures is surface-enhanced Raman scattering, or SERS. Although the application areas are very broad, we primarily concentrate on biosensing, SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering), and the most recent developments in these domains. The rapidly expanding field of noble metal nanostructure research will pave the way for the development of opto-electronics and sensors in the present era.