This chapter examines the normalization of hate as entertainment in India, arguing that anti-Muslim propaganda is increasingly embedded within the circuits of popular culture. While exceptional in its intensity, hate has become enmeshed in everyday life through its circulation in music, cinema, and digital platforms, where it is consumed alongside other cultural products. The rise of digital media has accelerated the velocity and reach of this propaganda, transforming rage and violence into consumable affect. The chapter focuses on two key cultural sites: Hindutva Pop, a genre of music that packages Islamophobic narratives into catchy rhythms, and the Islamophobic cinemascapes of mainstream Hindi cinema, where Muslims are routinely represented as outsiders or threats. Together, these forms constitute a vital component of propaganda infrastructure, transporting hate into the popular imagination and legitimizing communal polarization. In this process, cultural industries are not peripheral but central to the systemic production and dissemination of hate.

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Popular Culture, ‘Pop’ Music: Hate, Violence and Entertainment

  • Arani Basu

摘要

This chapter examines the normalization of hate as entertainment in India, arguing that anti-Muslim propaganda is increasingly embedded within the circuits of popular culture. While exceptional in its intensity, hate has become enmeshed in everyday life through its circulation in music, cinema, and digital platforms, where it is consumed alongside other cultural products. The rise of digital media has accelerated the velocity and reach of this propaganda, transforming rage and violence into consumable affect. The chapter focuses on two key cultural sites: Hindutva Pop, a genre of music that packages Islamophobic narratives into catchy rhythms, and the Islamophobic cinemascapes of mainstream Hindi cinema, where Muslims are routinely represented as outsiders or threats. Together, these forms constitute a vital component of propaganda infrastructure, transporting hate into the popular imagination and legitimizing communal polarization. In this process, cultural industries are not peripheral but central to the systemic production and dissemination of hate.