This paper investigates the unexpected growth and resilience of Myanmar’s maize value chain during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period marked by economic disruption and volatility in global agricultural markets. Despite widespread challenges, Myanmar’s maize exports surged by 150%, driven by sustained demand from neighboring ASEAN countries, particularly China and Thailand. This growth positioned Myanmar as a key regional supplier of livestock feed. However, the sector faced significant challenges, including non-tariff barriers, border closures, logistical disruptions, and strict export licensing requirements. These barriers underscored Myanmar’s dependency on informal trade routes with China, leaving the sector vulnerable to sudden regulatory changes and seasonal closures. In response, the maize value chain rapidly adapted, pivoting trade toward alternative ASEAN markets. New trade pathways, particularly with Thailand, were facilitated by geographic proximity, competitive pricing, and flexible production practices by smallholder farmers. These farmers demonstrated agility in adjusting planting cycles and trading strategies, reflecting the importance of maize as a cash crop for rural livelihoods. The sector’s resilience also reflected alignment with ASEAN’s agricultural trade demands and the potential for deeper regional integration. This study, drawing on stakeholder interviews and regional trade data, underscores the necessity for Myanmar to address infrastructure gaps, enhance quality standards, and formalize trade channels. Policy recommendations focus on improving logistics, fostering public–private partnerships, and strengthening cross-border trade policies to support the sector’s sustainable growth. This case offers broader insights into how emerging agricultural economies can navigate global shocks through adaptive strategies and regional cooperation.