This study examines the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young female migrant workers (aged 18–35) who returned to their hometowns in Thua Thien Hue province, Central Vietnam. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach—including surveys with 110 participants, in-depth interviews, and discussions with local authorities—the research reveals how these women faced multi-faceted challenges such as employment instability, discrimination, psychological distress, and limited access to opportunities due to limited education and skills. The pandemic significantly disrupted their livelihoods, particularly for self-employed workers, causing financial hardship and increased household stress. Despite these challenges, the majority of women expressed a desire to re-engage in migrant work for income generation. The study underscores the need for targeted post-pandemic policies that promote skill development, facilitate job placement, encourage social security enrollment, and raise awareness of financial literacy. Additionally, the research emphasizes the importance of providing accessible psychological support services to enhance the resilience among this vulnerable group.