The study examines the temporal trend of grain sown area distribution and its output production across Jiangsu Province, providing critical understanding into agricultural land use and productivity from 2010 to 2022. The analysis showed significant variations at the regional levels, including cities like Yangzhou, Huai’an, and Yancheng, which contributed substantially to the total sown area of both farm and grain crops, while urbanized regions such as Nanjing and Wuxi demonstrated lower agricultural land allocation. The highest increasing trend of the total sown area of grain crops was noted in 2016 by 1.41%, while in 2019, the sown area experienced a significant decrease (1.82%) as compared to 2010. Despite the reduction in sown area, grain crop output has steadily increased, highlighting the impact of advanced agricultural practices, improved irrigation systems, and efficient resource management. These findings emphasize the importance of balancing urbanization with sustainable agricultural development and optimizing land use to ensure long-term food security. The study provides valuable recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance productivity while promoting sustainable farming in Jiangsu Province.