Water scarcity and an exponential increase in the demand for clean water have necessitated the development of modern techniques and practices for effective utilization of wastewater wherever possible to highlight a sustainable strategy for water recycling and reuse. The presence of pathogenic microorganisms acts as a major threat to the wastewater recycling strategy, as it may cause harm to the handling person or may result in the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the environment and food chain when treated water is used for irrigation. The conventional methods of wastewater treatment employing chlorination and other chemical methods sometimes fail with the emergence of more resistant microorganisms. This leads to the research interest in eco-friendly and effective strategies for pathogen eradication from wastewater. Development of membrane processes employing high-end membrane filters or nanomaterial-mediated filtration systems, although highly successful in laboratory studies, fails to achieve the commercial success mainly due to high production and maintenance costs. Biopolymeric hydrogels, derived from agro-waste and food waste, provide eco-friendly, biodegradable solutions for effective pathogen eradication in wastewater treatment, representing a sustainable and scalable method for commercial water purification applications. This chapter describes the production and application of biopolymeric hydrogels for pathogen eradication and wastewater treatment.