The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of education is becoming increasingly prevalent. This study aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of incorporating AI-generated poetry into mathematics curriculum classes, to enhance students’ learning interest and understanding of mathematical concepts. Employing empirical research methods, the study selected college students as research subjects for teaching practice and integrated the use of AI to generate poetry and the activity of creating mathematical poetry with AI assistance in mathematics courses, followed by conducting a survey questionnaire analysis. The research findings reveal that students exhibit a high level of acceptance of AI-generated poetry and its integration into teaching. The average score of the experimental class in mathematics tests was significantly higher than that of the control class, indicating that the innovative teaching method of integrating AI-generated poetry can effectively improve students’ interest in and performance in mathematics learning.