The main purpose of this paper is to deeply interpret the core content and implementation strategy of the “Jinhua Famous Historical and Cultural City Protection Plan (2021–2035)”, and to study the system construction and practice path of the plan in the protection and inheritance of famous historical and cultural cities. By analyzing the important parts of the plan, such as the general provisions, the protection framework, and the protection contents, the plan analyzes how to strengthen the protection and inheritance and utilization of history and culture in urban and rural construction, to promote the sustainable development of Jinhua Famous Historical and Cultural City. As the inaugural national-level conservation framework for historical and cultural cities ratified and executed in Zhejiang Province, the Jinhua Plan (2021–2035) exemplifies a systematic approach integrating scientific methodologies with innovative practices. This model offers significant insights for safeguarding analogous urban heritage nationwide.