The sustainable development of traditional settlements in China’s mountainous areas has been hindered by the emerging vulnerability and susceptibility to disasters, which have become apparent with the rapid development of globalization and urbanization. How to preserve the cultural characteristics of traditional settlements while improving their ability to handle external shocks, that is, increasing the resilience of settlements, has become current research hotspot. This study focuses on the construction and optimization of the multi-scale resilience of traditional settlements in southern Shaanxi, aiming to address the theoretical gaps in the multi-scale study of settlements and the dilemma of the disappearance of traditional settlements, systematically analyzing and improving the resilience level of traditional settlements in the region through the multi-scale resilience analysis framework. Based on the theories of habitat-environment and rural resilience, this study constructs a multi-scale resilience analysis framework covering “settlement and its periphery - settlement ontology”. Through the multi-source heterogeneous data collection and fusion technology, the multi-dimensional resilience data platform is built, which realizes the systematic management and intelligent analysis of traditional settlement resilience data, and provides the background information and reference basis for the research of traditional settlements, multi-dimensional development and rural revitalization. The innovation of this study lies in: enriching the multi-scale resilience research theory by constructing a research framework for the resilience network of traditional settlements that includes multiple scales, namely “settlement and its periphery - settlement body - buildings”. In addition, this study establishes a multi-faceted resilience data network platform to achieve systematic, networked construction and intelligent analysis of village resilience data.