This chapter traces China-Iran cultural and artistic exchanges from pre-Islamic times through the Mongol era. Early Silk Road contacts brought religions—Buddhism, Manichaeism, Nestorianism—and their pictorial traditions, fostering mutual influence in painting between Sasanian Persia and Han-to-Tang China. The 13th-century Mongol conquests unified the two regions under the Yuan dynasty and Il-Khanid Persia, intensifying trade and human movement. Chinese artisans, scholars and Persian Muslims circulated, while illustrated manuscripts and motifs crossed borders. Central to this synthesis was Rashid al-Din, Jewish-born physician-turned-Grand Vizier of the Il-Khanids. Commissioned by Ghazan Khan, he compiled the Compendium of Chronicle (Jami’al-Tawarikh, 1307), a panoramic world history integrating Mongol, Chinese, Indian and Persian narratives with unprecedented detail and multilingual sources. To produce and disseminate the work he founded Rab i Rashidi, a vast academic suburb of Tabriz housing libraries, hospitals, mosques and ateliers that drew 6,000 students and craftsmen from Asia to Europe. Though the complex was destroyed after Rashid al-Din’s execution in 1318, his chronicle and the artistic exchanges it embodied preserved a legacy of Sino-Iranian convergence that shaped Eurasian cultural history.