This chapter provides an overview of the main findings and developments in anthropometric history in Spain from the 1990s to the present, focusing on generational adult height as the primary indicator. Unlike other research contexts, Spanish historiography has been particularly prolific in this field. The conceptual approaches and methodological developments implemented have been fundamental in debating the impact of socioeconomic modernization processes on the population’s well-being from the eighteenth century to the present day. Beyond analyzing long-term height trends, studies have addressed the dynamics of nutritional inequality across various dimensions: territorial, regional and socioeconomic. Collectively, these investigations illustrate the significant role that the new anthropometric history has played in reinterpreting the evolution of living standards and health inequality in Spain over the past two centuries.