Globally, controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is of the highest priority in the modern world, where environmental consciousness is critical and climate issues are becoming more severe. The alarming effects of climate change on agricultural output highlight how urgently feasible emission reduction efforts are needed. The practice of carbon farming (CF), which includes farming methods intended to improve soil and vegetation carbon (C) sequestration, provides a potential answer to the twin problems of reducing climate change and ensuring food security. The most prominent agricultural cultivation system in the world, the rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system, is used on 24 million hectares in Asia. The deterioration of soil health, water scarcity, labor/energy crises, nutrient deficiencies, low soil organic matter concentration, the release of GHG, and other variables have all put the long-term viability of traditional rice–wheat cropping systems in danger. Numerous studies have been carried out to enhance C-sequestration in terrestrial agro-ecosystems, elucidating the optimal management strategies for optimizing C storage and reducing emissions. It is now essential to encourage the broad use of these efficient methods to lower C footprints and improve C sequestration. In this regard, attaining India’s target of net zero emissions by 2070 requires incorporating agricultural practices like agroforestry, grassland management, conservation agriculture, cover crops, crop diversification, sustainable handling of crop residue to prevent burning, restoration of forests and wetlands, and control measures. These methods support other sustainable development goals (SDGs) in addition to enhancing crop output and soil health. Enhancing access to markets for smallholder farmers (C credits), raising awareness and technical expertise, and overcoming upfront costs are all necessary to address the difficulties with executing CF in India. A designed policy framework is also necessary for the successful implementation of CF. The system should create supportive facilities, offer financial rewards, and incorporate CF techniques into national agricultural strategies. The implementation of CF practices can also be greatly aided by programs for social responsibility and collaboration between the public and private sectors. The development of scalable and affordable CF technologies, comprehension of the long-term effects of different practices using effective emission evaluation technologies, and the development of integrated models that combine C-sequestration with other ecosystem services. India can improve its agricultural sustainability and meet its climate goals by tackling these issues and utilizing strategic measures.