Traditional biofuel energy in the form fuelwood, coal and dung is primarily used in Cameroon for cooking and heating purposes. The need to transition to more safe and efficient forms of energy to improve the well-being of woman who are severely impacted from breathing IAP is an important aspect to reduce energy poverty. Although gas is not renewable and has detrimental effects to the environment, it does provide a safer alternative for cooking energy because it results in far IAP and is more efficient than burning fuelwood. However, domestic propane gas for cooking remains very expensive for the majority of the Cameroon population with user rates at less than 50% in Yaoundé (ESMAP 2007). Electrical connection to the national grid is also expensive because although electrical rates are 50 CFA Francs22 per Kwh there remains substantial costs to connecting to the national grid (Eneo 2018). Therefore, the demand for electricity and gas could be inhibited by the high initial costs of transitioning to new technology such as a gas or electric stove. End-users are often forced to borrow money or establish community partnerships in order to afford new devices. Petroleum products are also expensive because they are primarily imported from other countries, which adversely effects Cameroon’s energy security (Enongene et al. 2016). Tariffs on oil and gas imports further exacerbates the high costs for the poor in comparison to their wages and the cost of living.

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Theoretical Applications and Policy Recommendations

  • Rebecca Nagar,
  • Huhua Cao,
  • Ria Perrault,
  • Jennifer Chinweokwu Ogborogu

摘要

Traditional biofuel energy in the form fuelwood, coal and dung is primarily used in Cameroon for cooking and heating purposes. The need to transition to more safe and efficient forms of energy to improve the well-being of woman who are severely impacted from breathing IAP is an important aspect to reduce energy poverty. Although gas is not renewable and has detrimental effects to the environment, it does provide a safer alternative for cooking energy because it results in far IAP and is more efficient than burning fuelwood. However, domestic propane gas for cooking remains very expensive for the majority of the Cameroon population with user rates at less than 50% in Yaoundé (ESMAP 2007). Electrical connection to the national grid is also expensive because although electrical rates are 50 CFA Francs22 per Kwh there remains substantial costs to connecting to the national grid (Eneo 2018). Therefore, the demand for electricity and gas could be inhibited by the high initial costs of transitioning to new technology such as a gas or electric stove. End-users are often forced to borrow money or establish community partnerships in order to afford new devices. Petroleum products are also expensive because they are primarily imported from other countries, which adversely effects Cameroon’s energy security (Enongene et al. 2016). Tariffs on oil and gas imports further exacerbates the high costs for the poor in comparison to their wages and the cost of living.