Preoperative assessments are a crucial part of clinical investigation before surgery and significantly influence the anesthesia method that is chosen, surgical planning, and intraoperative decision-making. A thorough and detailed preoperative evaluation can notably reduce surgery duration and decrease both the surgeon’s and patient’s exposure to X-rays during the procedure. Preoperative evaluation also plays a pivotal role in accurately identifying surgical risks for the patient. Among surgical procedures, preoperative assessments for orthopedic surgery have unique tendencies and focus areas. These will be introduced one by one below.