Due to their widespread application, high fabrication precision, and personalized matching degree, customized 3D-printed prostheses have attracted increased amounts of attention from clinical surgeons. Compared with traditional orthopedic metal implants, these prostheses have three-dimensional porous structures, which promote the growth of bone tissue, and a low elastic modulus, which effectively mitigates stress shielding effects, thereby decreasing the incidence of complications such as bone resorption and implant displacement or collapse (Ahn et al. 2018). Currently, customized 3D-printed prostheses are extensively used as artificial joints, spinal fusion cages, dental implants, and bone repair products (Lal and Patralekh 2018). However, titanium alloy is the most common material that is used to produce these prostheses, meeting the various clinical demands but lacking diverse biological functions. Therefore, the surface modification of customized, 3D-printed prostheses endows these prostheses with a surface morphology and chemical composition that exhibits excellent antibacterial, osteogenic, and wear- and corrosion-resistance properties. Thus, surface modification plays a significant role in promoting the clinical application of customized 3D-printed prostheses.