In clinical practice, custom-made prostheses are conventionally used to treat large bone defects caused by bone tumors or trauma. These custom-made prostheses partially or completely restore the original bone function by repairing the structural defects of the bone. The development of additive manufacturing, a technology commonly known as 3D printing, has facilitated the development of custom-made prostheses with complex structural morphologies and internal microstructural characteristics. Prosthesis design must account for the entire life of the prosthesis, which affects the safety and feasibility of the entire process, including clinical need assessment as well as prosthesis manufacturing, implantation, and service. Therefore, the design of custom-made prostheses should elucidate the clinical needs and establish design criteria that meet these clinical needs and manufacturing requirements.