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Opioid use disorder (OUD) adversely affects both physiological and mental health, especially through its influence on the gut-brain axis. Opioid-induced gut dysbiosis increased intestinal permeability and heightened inflammation, which influence neurotransmitter synthesis, gastrointestinal motility, and immunological responses, hence leading to mental symptoms like anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. Nutritional deficiencies, encompassing vitamins B6, B12, D, zinc, and magnesium, result from malnutrition, modified dietary choices, and compromised absorption, while opioid-induced bowel dysfunction causes gastrointestinal complications, affecting nutrient accessibility. Hormonal alterations, such as hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, and an imbalanced ghrelin-leptin ratio, exacerbate nutritional dysregulation in conjunction with bone problems, anemia, and immune system impairment. Clinical evidence underscores the advantages of combining nutritional rehabilitation with opioid replacement therapies, including methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). Zinc supplementation diminishes relapse likelihood and enhances mental health outcomes, whereas vitamin D and multivitamin supplements mitigate depressive symptoms and increase cognitive performance. Probiotic supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation, enhancing fasting glucose levels, and lowering depression scores. Current trials, such as fruit smoothie therapies, seek to evaluate the impact of nutrient-dense diets on recovery results. Notwithstanding these gains, hurdles endure, encompassing socioeconomic obstacles, restricted access to nutritional assistance, and insufficient integration of nutrition into therapeutic protocols. Future research should concentrate on specific nutritional therapies, alteration of gut flora, and the long-term effects of supplementation in people with OUD. An integrative strategy that incorporates pharmaceutical, behavioral, and dietary treatments is crucial for enhancing overall recovery and mental health outcomes in patients with OUD.

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Nutritional Rehabilitation in Opioid Use Disorder

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Doaa S. R. Khafaga,
  • Rahma Mahmoud Saad,
  • Rana Mansour,
  • Nour E. Bayali,
  • Ahmed H. Shaaban,
  • Salma Allam,
  • Abdullrahman Elgarawany

摘要

Opioid use disorder (OUD) adversely affects both physiological and mental health, especially through its influence on the gut-brain axis. Opioid-induced gut dysbiosis increased intestinal permeability and heightened inflammation, which influence neurotransmitter synthesis, gastrointestinal motility, and immunological responses, hence leading to mental symptoms like anxiety, depression, and cognitive deficits. Nutritional deficiencies, encompassing vitamins B6, B12, D, zinc, and magnesium, result from malnutrition, modified dietary choices, and compromised absorption, while opioid-induced bowel dysfunction causes gastrointestinal complications, affecting nutrient accessibility. Hormonal alterations, such as hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, and an imbalanced ghrelin-leptin ratio, exacerbate nutritional dysregulation in conjunction with bone problems, anemia, and immune system impairment. Clinical evidence underscores the advantages of combining nutritional rehabilitation with opioid replacement therapies, including methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). Zinc supplementation diminishes relapse likelihood and enhances mental health outcomes, whereas vitamin D and multivitamin supplements mitigate depressive symptoms and increase cognitive performance. Probiotic supplementation has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation, enhancing fasting glucose levels, and lowering depression scores. Current trials, such as fruit smoothie therapies, seek to evaluate the impact of nutrient-dense diets on recovery results. Notwithstanding these gains, hurdles endure, encompassing socioeconomic obstacles, restricted access to nutritional assistance, and insufficient integration of nutrition into therapeutic protocols. Future research should concentrate on specific nutritional therapies, alteration of gut flora, and the long-term effects of supplementation in people with OUD. An integrative strategy that incorporates pharmaceutical, behavioral, and dietary treatments is crucial for enhancing overall recovery and mental health outcomes in patients with OUD.