At present, most of the ways of acquiring information in the worldwide space observation system are based on ground-based observation, and the technology of ground-based observation system is mature and widely used. But there are some inevitable drawbacks. Such as geographical location, weather conditions, long-distance observation of the case of large delay. Therefore, the problem of space-based orbit determination for space objects has been widely concerned by domestic and foreign scholars. The interstellar optical observation is the best observation strategy for non-cooperative objects in space. In this paper, on the premise of the orbit determination of the observing star, the orbit determination of the target spacecraft is determined by using the inter-satellite optical line-of-sight vector measurement, and the optical joint orbit determination method of the target star and the observing star is studied in combination with the inter-satellite optical observation, the errors of short-period rapid orbit determination and long-period observation orbit determination are analyzed, which can provide useful reference for the development of optical astronomical positioning of space objects in our country.