The optical devices used in the laser radar project involved in this paper have the characteristics of small size, high heat consumption, high heat flux density and high temperature control accuracy. The heat consumption of a single device is up to 30 W, and the maximum heat flux density is 10.5 W/cm2. The temperature control level and control accuracy of each device inside the device are also diverse: 25 °C ± 0.5 °C, 17 °C ± 0.5 °C, 30 °C ± 0.01 °C. In order to meet the needs of laser radar for thermal control, thermal control schemes such as enhanced heat transfer of high thermal conductivity materials, high-precision controlled semiconductor coolers, optimized device mounting bracket configuration design and layout, and multi-level active temperature control were adopted in the project. Through simulation and experimental verification, under the boundary condition that the temperature of the equipment bottom plate is not higher than 12 °C, the temperature of each device meets the index requirements. The technical scheme meets the requirements of aerospace products for high reliability and high stability, and can provide reference for the thermal control design of the same type of products.