Infectious diseases of the spine can cause damage by invading the vertebral body, intervertebral disc, perispinal soft tissue, and epidural space, and clinically, it can be difficult to distinguish from degenerative changes, inflammatory diseases, and spinal tumors. Despite the development of antibiotic therapy today, spinal infections are not decreasing and are rather increasing due to drug abuse, HIV infection, aging, widespread misuse of antibiotics, and increased use of steroids and immunosuppressants. Spinal infections are caused by bacteria, tuberculosis, and fungi. It is caused by various pathogens such as parasites, and each disease shows different clinical courses and prognoses, so it is important to understand characteristic findings and make accurate differential diagnoses.