Each osseous vertebra is connected at the front by the intervertebral disc and at the back by the facet joint, forming the central axis of our body, the spinal column. It consists of a total of 32–33 vertebral segments, typically 7 cervical spine, 12 thoracic spine, 5 lumbar spine, 5 sacrum, and 3–4 coccyx. These vertebral segments are arranged along the characteristic dorsolateral curvature across the entire spinal column, with the cervical and lumbar showing a convex lordotic curvature forward, and the thoracic and sacrum showing a convex kyphotic curvature backward. Inside the spinal column, a central canal is formed, through which the spinal cord surrounded by the dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid passes, and the spinal nerves and vessels connected to the spinal cord pass through the neural foramen formed between each vertebral segment.