This chapter explores how the inequality in human conditions, known as Renhe, influenced the various experiences that people and communities had throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on the Three Tiers of Inequality (3TI) theory, it emphasizes how systemic and structural inequalities connected with identity-based vulnerabilities like age, gender, and ethnicity, exacerbating preexisting disadvantages and escalating the crisis' effects. These aspects of the human condition, which are frequently socially constructed but biologically based, influence how people access digital connectivity, healthcare, education, and safety, especially during emergencies. Through ten selected case studies, the chapter explores a range of inequalities that emerged or intensified during the pandemic. Disparate health outcomes, increased risks of gender-based violence, and unequal cognitive and emotional loads were among the gender-based inequalities. Social isolation, digital exclusion, and marginalization of older adults—especially those living in impoverished urban environments—were all manifestations of age-based inequalities. Inequities in vaccine coverage and mortality, gaps in healthcare access, and systemic racism were all manifestations of ethnic or ethnicity-based inequalities. When taken as a whole, these examples show that inequalities in the human condition are not isolated but rather layered and intersecting, and they frequently appear in all three of the 3TI framework's tiers: contextual, baseline, and tangible. The chapter makes the case that to develop inclusive, equitable, and targeted recovery plans, pandemic-era inequalities must be viewed through this multi-tiered lens.