The Jiahu bone flutes (贾湖骨笛Jiahu gudi, gudi means “bone flute” in Chinese) are the oldest known musical instruments from China to date, dating back to around 6000 BC. Jiahu bone flutes were discovered in Wuyang, Henan province, China in the 1980s. This chapter illustrates the seminal status of Jiahu bone flutes, the earliest and best-preserved wind instrument discovered in China so far, and is known as the “No. 1 flute in China”. Its discovery has rewritten the time and history of the origin of Chinese music, and may be called a miracle in the history of ancient Chinese music civilization. It is evidentially shown by Jiahu bone flutes that the early peoples of China, between eight millennia ago, were already capable of both performing and appreciating music of wind instruments.