Pearl millet is considered a multipurpose crop for food, feed, and fodder. It has the ability to withstand any adverse climate conditions due to its genetic factors to tolerate drought and temperatures. It exhibits tolerance to hostile soil conditions (salinity and acidity) and is well suited to low-fertility soil. Pearl millet genetic resources exhibit substantial variability for agro-morphological, yield, and nutritional characteristics as well as adaptation to various biotic and abiotic challenges. It facilitates the opportunity for pearl millet improvement through multi-omics approaches. Pearl millet is an excellent source of minerals, protein, vitamins, fiber, antioxidants, etc. It can contribute to combating malnutrition issues worldwide. Moreover, the consumption of pearl millet helps provide several health benefits. Pearl millet is naturally gluten-free; therefore, it is a beneficial food choice for those who are sensitive to gluten. Owing to its nutritional and health advantages, pearl millet flour is used as a main ingredient for many value-added products, and they are available in the commercial sector. So, the pearl millet is considered a future food and nutritional security crop as well as an economic crop. In this chapter, we present the overview of pearl millet, including origin and domestication, climate resilience features, genetic resources and their characterization, and achievements of pearl millet improvement through multi-omics approaches. Moreover, we included the nutritive importance of pearl millet and their value-added products. This chapter might help scientists in knowing the key role of pearl millet for future food and nutritional security amid climate change.