Proso millet is a most versatile crop that can be grown in all types of problematic soils, in varying altitudes, and with a short lifespan. Although it is grown mainly as bird feed in many countries, the bioavailability of various nutrients and other stress-tolerant attributes makes it an excellent fallow crop in farming systems. It shows resistance to many of the abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity and biotic stresses like powdery mildew, shoot fly, and thrips. It is gluten-free and has nonwaxy starch, making it an easily digestible alternative to other food sources; hence, it finds application in various food industries. Value-added products such as noodles, muffins, biscuits, and cakes made from proso millet are available worldwide. Although it is rich in vitamins, minerals, and essential nutrients, the utilization of this millet in human food is limited. There is a need to realize the importance of diversifying our food and including traditional nutri-cereals, i.e., millets, in our daily diet. On the other hand, there are minimal research works on the proso millet crop’s improvement. Advancements in genomics tools and platforms should be used on proso millet to deliver realistic genetic gains to develop need-based proso millet varieties that will benefit farmers. Our perception of including millets in food for consumption directly or as value-added products will usher much needed increase in millet production and to realize realistic health benefits. This chapter highlights some of the recent information available on proso millet on various aspects, including climatic resilience attributes and genetic and genomic resources of proso millet, as well as multi-omics approaches for proso millet improvements.