First discovered in the early 1990s in the premotor cortex of monkeys, mirror neurons have special, say, fires both when the monkey performs an action and when he sees another performing the same action. These neurons react to certain movements, and their responses depend on the parameters of the observer’s and actor’s movements. Studies using brain imaging suggest that humans may also have mirror neurons. This has caused a debate about the role of these neurons in cognition, behavior, and clinical conditions. Mirror neurons are related to perception, and it seems that there are mirror neurons for something that is less perceptual‍ such as pain and emotion. Also, it has been studied whether mirror neuron dysfunction is associated with behavioral disorders, particularly autism spectrum disorder which is hypothesized to result from mirror system deficits. Although research on the physiology of mirror neurons is extensive, their therapeutic potential is not well studied. Studies look into the modulation of mirror neurons, but limited are the studies despite growing evidence on the neurobiological effects of stimulation to the brain. There needs to be more research that can unlock the potential clinical applications for treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders through enhancing or restoring mirror neuron activity.