It has become a significant public health intervention that attempts to combat micronutrient deficiencies across a wide variety of communities all over the world. Fortification of food has developed as a result of this crucial intervention. This comprehensive review of the most recent data from research carried out in a range of countries all over the world evaluates the efficacy of a number of different fortification strategies and includes the most recent guidelines that have been released by the World Health Organization (WHO). The objective of this chapter is to give an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art technological breakthroughs, implementation issues that are encountered in practice, and key performance metrics that are specific to effective fortification programs. A comprehensive impact evaluation, cost-effectiveness, nutrient stability, and bioavailability are some of the aspects that are the primary emphasis of this chapter. The purpose of this chapter is to provide public health practitioners and policymakers with specific policy recommendations that are intended to assist them in effectively scaling up sustainable food fortification activities. The book chapter also provides an analysis of quantitative impact measurements. Additionally, the chapter pulls from more than 50 sources that have been published during the last 5 years and have been subjected to peer review.