Diet is one of the important factors that influence health and fitness. Depending upon a person’s culture, geography, and fondness, diet is often considered as subjective choice. However, parameters of healthy living are not subjective enough. Therefore, it is very essential to define what constitutes a healthy diet and to balance various nutritional components of a person’s diet in a way that it balances person’s subjective choices and considers science of nutrition. A balanced diet gives a person all the nutrients they need without exceeding the daily calorie allowance. By eating a balanced diet and limiting foods that have low nutritive benefits like unhealthy snacks, people may receive all the calories and nutrients they require and avoid diseases. A varied, balanced, and nutritious diet will take on different compositions based on individual attributes (such as age, gender, lifestyle, and amount of physical activity), cultural context, geographically accessible foods, and dietary preferences. However, the core principles of what constitutes a healthy diet remain the same. In this respect, this chapter addresses various dietary practices that are advised globally as well as elements of a balanced diet and their health benefits. Many diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, cancer, persistent respiratory conditions, and cardiovascular conditions are among the most common in urban population. Additionally, due to population aging, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, their prevalence is rising with time. Numerous studies have shown a direct link between socioeconomic status and health in industrialized and high-income countries. Adopting a healthy lifestyle and eating habits may have preventive effects that lengthen the average lifespan.