The medical security system is an essential component of the social security system, encompassing common medical issues in most areas of social security system, such as illness, injury, childbirth, and elderly care. The establishment of a medical security system is a social responsibility that plays an increasingly important role in national affairs and social development. Countries around the world are attempting to improve their entire social security system by establishing a relatively comprehensive medical security system, so as to promote social harmonious development, and progress. China has already established a basic medical security system that covers all urban and rural residents. China’s medical security system plays a significant role in safeguarding citizens’ health and survival rights, improving population health levels, promoting the development of medical and health services, improving social fairness, and maintaining social stability.