The period from the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on October 1, 1949, to the eve of the Chinese economic reform saw the country’s socialist revolution and development. The top priority in this period for the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the country was to achieve a shift from New Democracy to socialism, pursue a socialist revolution, and push ahead social development, laying political and institutional foundations for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The Chinese people, under the CPC’s leadership, completed the tasks inherited from the democratic revolution, resumed the national economy, and established and consolidated the state power of a people’s democratic dictatorship based on an alliance of workers and peasants under proletarian leadership, created conditions for the rapid development of the country. The country began in 1953 to make plans for large-scale economic development and gradually achieved a socialist transformation in agriculture, handicraft, and capitalist industry and commerce, a move that resulted in the widest and the most profound social changes ever seen in the country, as well as a great leap from a poor and populous Eastern big country to a socialist society—a tremendous change in history of China.