Biobased degradable materials focus on the bio-derived renewable raw materials, avoid the dependence on traditional polymer materials based on fossil raw materials, and have the dual effects of environmental protection and resource conservation. The production methods of biobased degradable materials are mainly divided into three types: one is to use chemical methods alone to transform biobased raw materials for polymer production; the second is to use biological methods alone to transform biobased raw materials for polymer production, and the third is to use biological and chemical methods together to transform biobased raw materials for polymer production. At present, most biobased polymers are produced by the third method. The second method, that is, directly transforming biobased raw materials into a polymer through biological methods, reduces the steps of intermediate chemical synthesis, is the best option for polymer production in terms of energy saving, safety, and economy, and is an important direction for future research and development of biobased materials. This chapter focuses on the more common biobased degradable polymer materials that can be directly prepared by biological transformation, including polyhydroxyalkanoates/poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHA/PHB), polylactic acid (PLA), chitin, polybutyramide (PA4), and polylactic acid. The background, advantages, and synthesis methods of these polymers are introduced.